Optimization of Supply Chain Performance using Lean and Agile Strategies: A Comparative Study of Emerging Economies

Abstract

Supply chain management (SCM) has emerged as a critical determinant of competitive advantage in the global manufacturing landscape. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of lean and agile supply chain strategies in the context of emerging economies, with specific focus on India, China, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Using a mixed-method research approach combining quantitative performance metrics from 87 manufacturing firms and qualitative case studies, this study evaluates the impact of lean and agile methodologies on four key Supply Chain Performance Indicators (SCPIs): inventory turnover ratio, order fulfillment lead time, logistics cost ratio, and customer service level. The findings reveal that a hybrid lean-agile (leagile) strategy yields superior results across all SCPIs compared to pure lean or pure agile approaches, with an average improvement of 34.7% in overall supply chain efficiency. A novel Supply Chain Optimization Index (SCOI) is proposed to facilitate benchmarking across diverse industrial contexts.